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Encumbrance Certificate (EC)
Also called: Form 15 EC, Form 16 EC, EC search
The Sub-Registrar's record of every registered transaction on a property over a stated period.
What it is
An EC lists every registered instrument involving a property — sales, mortgages, releases, gifts, partitions, lis pendens — over the period requested. Form 15 = encumbrances exist. Form 16 = NIL (no entries in the period).
Who issues it
The jurisdictional Sub-Registrar's Office. Available digitally via the Kaveri online services portal.
Where to obtain
kaverionline.karnataka.gov.in — search by survey number / property identifier; pay the period-based fee; download.
Validity
Date-bound — valid as a snapshot of the registered transactions up to the issue date.
What to check
- Period covered — insist on 30 years for any meaningful purchase
- Each registered transaction reconciled against the chain of sale deeds
- Mortgages without a corresponding registered release (live liens)
- Lis pendens entries (pending litigation registrations)
- Partition or settlement deeds that fork the title chain
- Survey number consistency — no drift to sub-divisions
Common red flags on a Encumbrance Certificate (EC)
- Form 16 NIL EC across 30 years for a property that has clearly transacted
- Registered mortgage from 1990s with no release entry
- Lis pendens registration that's never been updated to dismissal/disposal
- Multi-year gaps where transactions are known to have occurred
How PropertyRisk handles Encumbrance Certificate (EC)
PropertyRisk extracts every field from your uploaded Encumbrance Certificate (EC) using multilingual OCR (English, Kannada, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu) and a Karnataka-specific schema for this document type. Each finding cites the exact page and clause it came from in the original document.
On every case where this document is uploaded, PropertyRisk reconciles its contents against the rest of the document chain — sale deeds, RTC, mutation extracts, khata — and against live government portal records to surface inconsistencies a non-expert would miss.
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